障害学国際セミナー2024台北　セッション1「職場での合理的配慮」
KURIKAWA Osamu，2024 1025-26， The movement of teachers with disabilities to guarantee the ”right to work"
and issues of reasonable accommodation in Japan， East Asia Disability Studies Forum (EADSF) 2024　Oct 25, 26(Fri, Sat) 2024, Chang Yung-Fa Foundation International Conference Center, Conference Room 601, Taipei（＝「日本における障害のある教員の『働く権利保障』を求める運動と合理的配慮の課題」,障害学国際セミナー2024台北　セッション1「職場での合理的配慮」発表）．
http://www.arsvi.com/a/20241025-26.htm

障害学国際セミナー2024台北　報告スライド　日本語原稿

セッション�A職場での合理的配慮

タイトル：　日本における障害のある教員の「働く権利保障」を求める運動と合理的配慮の課題

栗川治　（立命館大学大学院 先端総合学術研究科）

【スライド日本語原稿】

０　はじめに（自己紹介）
　�@1987-2020 新潟県の県立高校で視覚障害のある社会科教員として働いた。
　�A全国視覚障害教師の会、「障碍」を持つ教師と共に・連絡協議会、日本教職員組合・障害のある教職員ネットワークの会員、役員として障害教員運動に参加した。
　�B現在、大学院で日本障害教員運動史を研究している。

１　日本の障害者雇用制度──階層かされた障害者の就労
　�@一般就労：　法定雇用率をテコとする義務雇用（割り当て雇用）、差別禁止
　�A就労支援Ａ：　雇用契約、最低賃金制度の対象
　�B就労支援Ｂ：　福祉的作業、最低賃金（時給約1000円）の２割程度の工賃

２　日本における「職場での合理的配慮」の導入
　�@「合理的配慮」が日本国内で知られるようになったきっかけはＡＤＡ(1990年)
　�AＣＲＰＤ、障害者基本法、障害者差別解消法、改正障害者雇用促進法で「合理的配慮」が法制化される(2014年)
　�B民間事業者でも「合理的配慮」義務化(2024年)

３　障害教員運動史
　�@「障害があれば教員はできない」という通念
　　1970年代まで、障害教員がいたのは盲学校、聾学校のみ
　　障害者雇用促進法の雇用義務からも教員は除外される
　�A障害教員の働く権利保障を求める運動が起こる(1990年代)
　　障害種別を越えて「障害に応じた働き方」実現へ共通の要求
　　＝アシスタント配置、勤務軽減、通院保障、人事上の配慮。
　�B「合理的配慮」の具体化の条件整備要求(2010年代)
　　「自力通勤、自力職務遂行」を採用条件から外させる

４　労働における合理的配慮の課題
　�@「合理的配慮」を最大限活かして、労働条件の変更の具体化を図る
　�A「合理的配慮」概念の拡張、補強：
　　現状では「健康な障害者」のみが対象
　　勤務軽減等が必要な「病弱な障害者」は雇用から排除される
　�B「能力の社会モデル」に基づく「異在労働同一賃金」の構想
　　「できる」ようにするのは社会（人、物、環境）
　　異なる在り方の労働と同一賃金を保障


文献
川島聡・飯野由里子・西倉実季・星加良司，2016，『合理的配慮──対話を開く，対話が拓く』有斐閣.
栗川治，2012，『視覚障碍をもって生きる──できることはやる，できないことはたすけあう』明石書店．
栗川治，2021，「障害のある教員への『指導力不足教員』制度適用──1991年の東京都『要配慮教員』制度創設と障害教員運動の反攻」『立命館人間科学研究』立命館大学人間科学研究所，42:15-29．
栗川治，2023，「『軽減労働同一賃金』を障害者雇用において可能にする条件──障害のある教員の事例を通しての異別処遇・同等待遇の検討」『Core Ethics』立命館大学大学院先端総合学術研究科，19:61-72．
松波めぐみ, 2018, 「障害のある先生の働きにくさは軽減されるのか──教育現場における『合理的配慮』概念導入の可能性と課題」羽田野真帆ほか編『障害のある先生たち』生活書院, 109-138．
永野仁美・長谷川珠子・富永晃一編，2018，『詳説 障害者雇用促進法──新たな平等社会の実現に向けて 〔増補補正版〕』弘文堂．


The movement of teachers with disabilities to guarantee the ”right to work"
and issues of reasonable accommodation in Japan

KURIKAWA Osamu; Ritsumeikan University,Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences.

【スライド英語原稿】

0. Introduction (Self-introduction)

�@1987-2020 I worked as a visually impaired social studies teacher at a prefectural high school in Niigata Prefecture.


�AI participated in the disability teacher movement as a member and officer of the National Association of Visually Impaired Teachers, the Liaison Council with Teachers with Disabilities, and the Japan Teachers Union/Network of Teachers with Disabilities.


�BI am currently researching the history of the disability teacher movement in Japan at a graduate school.


1. Japan's disability employment system: hierarchical employment of disabled people

�@General employment: Compulsory employment (quota employment) based on the statutory employment rate, no discrimination

�AEmployment support A: Subject to employment contracts and minimum wage system

�BEmployment support B: Welfare work, wages of about 20% of the minimum wage (about 1,000 yen per hour)

2. Introduction of "reasonable accommodation in the workplace" in Japan

�@The trigger for "reasonable accommodation" becoming known in Japan was the ADA (1990)

�AThe CRPD, the Basic Act on Persons with Disabilities, the Act on the Elimination of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities, and the revised Act on Promotion of Employment of Persons with Disabilities introduced the concept of "reasonable accommodation"
"Reasonable accommodation" will be legalized (2014)

3. "Reasonable accommodation" will be mandatory for private businesses (2024)

3. History of the movement for disabled teachers

1. The common belief that "if you have a disability, you can't be a teacher"

Until the 1970s, only schools for the blind and deaf had disabled teachers

Teachers are also excluded from the employment obligations of the Disabled Employment Promotion Act

2. A movement to guarantee the right to work for disabled teachers emerges (1990s)

A common demand for the realization of "work styles according to the disability" regardless of the type of disability

=Assignment of assistants, reduction of work hours, medical treatment guarantee, personnel considerations.

�B Demands for the creation of conditions for the realization of "reasonable accommodation" (2010s)

Removing "commuting by oneself and performing one's duties by oneself" from employment conditions

4. Issues regarding reasonable accommodation in the workplace

�@ Making the most of "reasonable accommodation" to realize changes to working conditions

�A Expanding and reinforcing the concept of "reasonable accommodation":

Currently, only "healthy disabled people" are eligible

"Sickly disabled people" who require reduced work hours are excluded from employment

�B The idea of ??"equal pay for different types of work" based on the "social model of ability"

It is society (people, things, environment) that makes it possible

Ensuring equal pay for different types of work


References
Kawashima. Satoshi, Iino. Yuriko, Nishikura. Miki, and Hoshika. Ryouji， 2016， Reasonable Accommodation: Opening up Possibilities of Interactive Dialogue, YUhikaku.
Kurikawa. Osamu, 2012, Shikakush?gai wo motte ikiru ? dekirukoto wa yaru, dekinaikoto wa tasukeau (Living with a visual disability: Independence and cooperation). Akashishoten.
KURIKAWA. Osamu, 2021, Including Disability in the Category of Under-performing Teachers:The 1991 ‘Teachers in Need of Special Support at Work’ RecognitionSystem Established by Tokyo Metropolitan Government and theDefense by Teachers with Disabilities against the Establishment, RITSUMEIKAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES，No.42，15-29.
Kurikawa. Osamu, 2023, Conditions that Enable “Equal Pay for Reduced Work” in the Employment of People with Disabilities ? Examining Different Treatment/Equal Treatment through a Case Study of Teachers with Disabilities, Core Ethics, No.19, 61-72．
Mtsunami. Megumi, 2018, Will the difficulties faced by teachers with disabilities be alleviated? Possibilities and challenges of introducing the concept of "reasonable accommodation" into the educational field, Hatano. Maho, et al, Teachers with disabilities, Seikatsu Shoin.
Nagano. Hitomi, Hasegawa. Tamako, and Tominaga. Koichi, 2018, Detailed explanation: The Act on Promotion of Employment of People with Disabilities - Toward the realization of a new equal society, Kobundo.

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